Damjanov expressed how truly amazing the discovery was when she said, But their spectra shows what they really are. These red nuggets have been missed so long because, due to their extremely small size, they look like stars in pictures. Sloan Digital Sky Survey Ī team led by Ivana Damjanov found over 600 red nugget candidates in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (or SDSS) database, of which 9 were confirmed as red nuggets. Another theory says that red nuggets are young elliptical galaxies, therefore forming the same way they do. Results show that red nuggets may have untapped stellar "fuel" to produce their unusually large number of stars. This brings up the intriguing question on how they could possibly be packed so densely with stars. Star formation ĭata from NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory observing the red nuggets Mrk 1216 and PGC 032673 has shown that the central black holes suppress star formation in red nuggets with their heat and feed on the gas surrounding them. The quenching happens because of the extremely high SFR, stellar and supernova feedback, and possibly also active galactic nuclei feedback due to the high gas density in the center of the red nugget. It is also frequently associated with extreme disc instability. The compaction happens due to a fierce period of inflow involving (mostly small) mergers and counter-rotating streams or recycled gas. Galaxies with more mass quench earlier than galaxies with low amounts of mass because galaxies with low amounts of mass try to quench several times. The quenching of the blue nugget happens at a completely constant stellar surface density. The compaction of the blue nugget happens at an approximately constant specific star formation rate (or SFR). Blue nuggets are early, stream fed, star-forming systems that are quenched inside-out within the inner kiloparsec (kpc) and dissipatively compacted into red nuggets at their peak of gas compaction. Red nuggets are formed from blue nuggets.
Her dedication has stretched over 40 years, going beyond meals to shelters where people can sleep and a centre for the forgotten who can get job training, and resources to pick up their lives.Red nuggets are not only nicknamed for their size and color, but also for how precious the discovery is to curious astronomers since it challenged current theories at the time the term was coined on galaxy formation.
She asks them what they need and how can she help.
She tells herself “time to go, someone needs help.” She takes the food in a mobile food truck to 11 locations, When her son was in kindergarten, a homeless child in his class would look longingly at his lunch pail and he would share with her.īetty felt like doing something with her cooking skills and started a group that feeds hundreds of people daily.Įveryday from before sunrise to into the night, she tends to homeless people. She thanks America for her freedom and hope. But her new comfortable life never erased the hunger and pain she had gone through as a child.īetty celebrates everyday as her birthday that she can move and breathe. She married a university professor, and they started a family. Her sister took her to Hong Kong and then she arrived in San Francisco. She experienced separation from family, torture, abandonment and betrayal at a very young age. The family of 12 kids was split up and Betty lived on the streets with a sign around her neck “I am a child of the devil.” She had nothing to eat and was always hungry.
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